http://www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/semarakindex en-US SEMARAK INDEX http://www.akademiabaru.com/submit/index.php/semarakindex/article/view/6827 <p>The increasing demand for process-oriented language learning has led to growing interest in dynamic assessment and metacognitive strategies within English as a Foreign Language (EFL listening instruction. This article presents a comprehensive review of past studies examining the role of these two approaches and their potential integration in enhancing listening comprehension. Using a qualitative document analysis approach, this study synthesizes findings from theoretical and empirical research on listening pedagogy, metacognitive strategy instruction, and dynamic assessment. The review reveals that traditional listening instruction remains largely product-oriented, focusing on test outcomes rather than learners’ cognitive processes. Studies consistently demonstrate that metacognitive strategies namely planning, monitoring, and evaluation significantly improve listening comprehension, learner confidence, and self-regulation. Similarly, dynamic assessment, grounded in sociocultural theory, facilitates learning through mediated interaction, scaffolding, and continuous feedback, allowing teachers to identify learners’ developmental potential. However, despite the complementary nature of these approaches, existing literature indicates a lack of systematic integration in classroom practice.This article further identifies key challenges, including limited teacher knowledge, insufficient practical training, and institutional constraints such as time limitations and large class sizes. Based on the synthesis of past studies, a conceptual framework is proposed that integrates dynamic assessment with metacognitive strategy instruction to support learner autonomy and cognitive development. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for structured pedagogical models and targeted professional development to enhance the effectiveness of EFL listening instruction.</p> Liu Lu Charanjit Kaur Swaran Singh Md Monjurul Islam Amreet Kaur Jageer Singh Copyright (c) 2026 SEMARAK INDEX 2026-04-14 2026-04-14 1 8