Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine with Circulation Non-Surfactant Emulsion Fuel System

Reashed Tasvir  Omi; Wira Jazair Yahya; Hasannuddin Abd Kadir; Arif Fahim  Ezzat Chan; Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin; Nik Rosli  Abdullah; Md Mujibur  Rahman; Usama  Tahir

doi:10.37934/arfmts.82.2.96105

Authors

Reashed Tasvir Omi Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Wira Jazair Yahya Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Hasannuddin Abd Kadir Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Johor, Campus Pasir Gudang, 81750 Masai Johor, Malaysia
Arif Fahim Ezzat Chan Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nik Rosli Abdullah Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Md Mujibur Rahman Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Usama Tahir Advanced Vehicle System, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.82.2.96105

Keywords:

Diesel engine, nitrogen oxides, emulsion fuel, non-surfactant

Abstract

Diesel engine is known for its durable operation and capability of utilizing various type of fuels, however, dangerous exhaust emissions are emitted from diesel engines. Non-surfactant emulsion fuel is a potential fuel for diesel engine to reduce for Nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and Particulate matter (PM) emission compare to conventional diesel fuel in a diesel engine. In this study, emulsion fuel was prepared using a mixer known as Circulation Non-Surfactant Emulsion Fuel System. The study carried out with different water percentages in the emulsion fuel given as follows: 3%, 6%, and 9% and at a different engine load condition from 1-4 kW with a constant speed of 3200 rpm. Results show that, 6% emulsion fuel shows average 4.38% reduction in NO_x emission and 1.10% reduction in fuel consumption. 9% emulsion fuel show higher amount of CO emission compare to Diesel while it reduces CO₂ emission. Overall, 6% when prepared are recommended for the formation of non-surfactant emulsion fuel.

References

Zulkurnai, Fatin Farhanah, Norhidayah Mat Taib, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, and Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor. "Combustion Characteristics of Diesel and Ethanol Fuel in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine." Journal of Advanced Research in Numerical Heat Transfer 2, no. 1 (2020): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.13.2.111

Ramlan, N. A., A. A. Abdullah, and W. J. Yahya. "Combustion Performance and Exhaust Emission Analysis of Diesel Engine using Waste Cooking Oil." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 12, no. 1 (2015): 11-20.

Erdiwansyah, Mahidin, Yusop, Ahmad Fitri, Muhammad Zaki, Rizalman Mamat, Ratna Eko Sardjono, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, and Husni Husin. "Investigation of The Effect Biodiesel-Butanol-Water Fuel Blend Pressure on A Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 79, no. 2 (2021): 39-47. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.79.2.3947

Mahdi, Wan Nur Izzati Wan, Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin, Wira Jazair Yahya, Muhammad Adib Abdul Rashid, Muhamad Aliff Zaharim, Mikhael Mukhlasein Ahmad, Hasannuddin Abd Kadir, and Ili Fatimah Abdul Razak. "Effect of Electrical Load On the Emulsification Methods of Inline Mixing System RTES Produced by The Static Mixer and Ultrasonic on Fuel Consumption and Emission Characteristics." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 78, no. 1 (2021): 88-99. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.78.1.8899

Ahmad, Mohamad Azrin, Wira Jazair Yahya, Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin, A. K. Hasannuddin, Muhammad Aiman Abu Bakar, Abdul Yasser Abd Fatah, Nor Azwadi Che Sidik, and Hirofumi Noge. "Combustion performance and exhaust emissions fuelled with non-surfactant water-in-diesel emulsion fuel made from different water sources." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 24 (2018): 24266-24280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2492-2

Bertola, Andrea, Renxian Li, and Konstantinos Boulouchos. "Influence of water-diesel fuel emulsions and EGR on combustion and exhaust emissions of heavy duty DI-diesel engines equipped with common-rail injection system." SAE transactions (2003): 2244-2260. https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-3146

Kadota, T., and H. Yamasaki. "Recent advances in the combustion of water fuel emulsion." Progress in energy and combustion science 28, no. 5 (2002): 385-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1285(02)00005-9

Ramlan, Nur Atiqah, Wira Jazair Yahya, Ahmad Muhsin Ithnin, A. K. Hasannuddin, Siti Amiliyana Norazni, Nurul Aiyshah Mazlan, Dhani Avianto Sugeng, Nadia Dayana Bahar, and Tsuyoshi Koga. "Performance and emissions of light-duty diesel vehicle fuelled with non-surfactant low grade diesel emulsion compared with a high grade diesel in Malaysia." Energy Conversion and Management 130 (2016): 192-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.10.057

Maiboom, Alain, and Xavier Tauzia. "NOx and PM emissions reduction on an automotive HSDI Diesel engine with water-in-diesel emulsion and EGR: An experimental study." Fuel 90, no. 11 (2011): 3179-3192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.014

Hasannuddin, A. K., J. Y. Wira, S. Sarah, M. I. Ahmad, S. A. Aizam, M. A. B. Aiman, S. Watanabe, N. Hirofumi, and M. A. Azrin. "Durability studies of single cylinder diesel engine running on emulsion fuel." Energy 94 (2016): 557-568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.144

Hasannuddin, A. K., J. Y. Wira, R. Srithar, S. Sarah, M. I. Ahmad, S. A. Aizam, M. A. B. Aiman et al. "Effect of emulsion fuel on engine emissions–A review." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 18, no. 1 (2016): 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0986-x

Subramanian, K. A. "A comparison of water–diesel emulsion and timed injection of water into the intake manifold of a diesel engine for simultaneous control of NO and smoke emissions." Energy Conversion and Management 52, no. 2 (2011): 849-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.08.010

Wang, Zhaowen, Shuguo Shi, Sheng Huang, Jie Tang, Tao Du, Xiaobei Cheng, Ronghua Huang, and Jyh-Yuan Chen. "Effects of water content on evaporation and combustion characteristics of water emulsified diesel spray." Applied energy 226 (2018): 397-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.06.023

Bidita, B. S., A. R. Suraya, M. A. Shazed, M. A. Mohd Salleh, and A. Idris. "Influence of fuel additive in the formulation and combustion characteristics of water-in-diesel nanoemulsion fuel." Energy & fuels 28, no. 6 (2014): 4149-4161. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef5002259

Hasannuddin, A. K., J. Y. Wira, S. Sarah, WMN Wan Syaidatul Aqma, AR Abdul Hadi, N. Hirofumi, S. A. Aizam et al. "Performance, emissions and lubricant oil analysis of diesel engine running on emulsion fuel." Energy conversion and management 117 (2016): 548-557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.03.057

Ochoterena, Raúl, Anna Lif, Magnus Nydén, Sven Andersson, and Ingemar Denbratt. "Optical studies of spray development and combustion of water-in-diesel emulsion and microemulsion fuels." Fuel 89, no. 1 (2010): 122-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.06.039

Zeng, Yangbing, and F. Lee Chia-fon. "Modeling droplet breakup processes under micro-explosion conditions." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31, no. 2 (2007): 2185-2193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.237

Ganesan, S., and A. Ramesh. Investigation on the use of Water-Diesel Emulsion in a LPG-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine. No. 2001-28-0032. SAE Technical Paper, 2001. https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-28-0032

Cui, Xiaoqi, Arjan Helmantel, Valeri Golovichev, and Ingemar Denbratt. Combustion and emissions in a light-duty diesel engine using diesel-water emulsion and diesel-ethanol blends. No. 2009-01-2695. SAE Technical Paper, 2009. https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2695

Abu-Zaid, M. "Performance of single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine using water fuel emulsions." Energy conversion and Management 45, no. 5 (2004): 697-705. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00179-1

Ithnin, Ahmad Muhsin, Mohamad Azrin Ahmad, Muhammad Aiman Abu Bakar, Srithar Rajoo, and Wira Jazair Yahya. "Combustion performance and emission analysis of diesel engine fuelled with water-in-diesel emulsion fuel made from low-grade diesel fuel." Energy Conversion and Management 90 (2015): 375-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.025

Lif, Anna, and Krister Holmberg. "Water-in-diesel emulsions and related systems." Advances in colloid and interface science 123 (2006): 231-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2006.05.004

Watanabe, Hirotatsu, Yohsuke Matsushita, Hideyuki Aoki, and Takatoshi Miura. "Numerical simulation of emulsified fuel spray combustion with puffing and micro-explosion." Combustion and flame 157, no. 5 (2010): 839-852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.01.013

Hsu, Bertrand D. "Combustion of water-in-diesel emulsion in an experimental medium speed diesel engine." SAE transactions (1986): 285-296. https://doi.org/10.4271/860300

Heywood, John B. "Combustion engine fundamentals. 1ª Edição." Estados Unidos (1988).

Maiboom, Alain, and Xavier Tauzia. "NOx and PM emissions reduction on an automotive HSDI Diesel engine with water-in-diesel emulsion and EGR: An experimental study." Fuel 90, no. 11 (2011): 3179-3192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.06.014

Samec, Niko, Robert W. Dibble, Jyh Y. Chen, and Andrej Pagon. Reduction of NOx and soot emission by water injection during combustion in a diesel engine. No. 2000-05-0079. SAE Technical Paper, 2000.