Testing Measurement Invariance for Green Cleaning Services Implementation across Malaysian Cleaning Industry Stakeholders’ Group

Abstract

Measurement invariance is one of the most important aspects of model development process without which the interpretations of research findings on population subgroups may be vague and invalid. This study tested the measurement invariance of critical success factors for green cleaning implementation and performance model across different stakeholders in Malaysian Cleaning Industry. The study is essential to check if the proposed model and its underlying constructs have appropriate structural orientation regarding critical success factors for green cleaning performance and meaning across comparable varied groups. A quantitative, non-experimental, crosssectional survey design was adopted for the study and data were collected from 500 participants who were chosen from three categories of respondents namely contractors, consultants and clients organisations using a combination of nonprobability and stratified random sampling techniques. The data was analysed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Analysis of Moment Structures Software (versions 22.0.0). The results show that all the three measurement invariance models tested have achieved acceptable goodness-of-fit indices. The study outcome also indicates that the critical success factors for green cleaning services implementation model are invariant across the three different stakeholders in the Malaysian cleaning industry. The findings suggest practical implications for cleaning service providers’, facilities managers and clients on the need to invest in the critical success factors mainly human, physical, financial and social resources and to productively align such for effective green cleaning services implementation to achieve competitive organisational performance.