Comparison of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Extracted Zingiberaceae Rhizome using Subcritical Water Extraction

Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin; Nurin Zulaikha Zulfadhly; Norrashidah Mokhtar; Nurul ‘Uyun Ahmad; Pauziah Muhamad; Yvan Gariépy; G.S. Vijaya Raghavan

doi:10.37934/jrnn.8.1.1322

Authors

Mariam Firdhaus Mad Nordin Conversion and Separation Technology (SHIZEN iKohza), Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nurin Zulaikha Zulfadhly Conversion and Separation Technology (SHIZEN iKohza), Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Norrashidah Mokhtar AM Zaideen Ventures Sdn Bhd, 35E-G-05, Jalan Wangsa Delima 5, KLSC 2, Seksyen 5 Wangsa Maju, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nurul ‘Uyun Ahmad School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Terengganu, Kampus Bukit Besi, 23200 Bukit Besi, Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia
Pauziah Muhamad Conversion and Separation Technology (SHIZEN iKohza), Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Yvan Gariépy Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
G.S. Vijaya Raghavan Department of Bioresource Engineering, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37934/jrnn.8.1.1322

Keywords:

Zingiberacea rhizomes, subcritical water extraction, DPPH

Abstract

In Malaysia, many local herbs can take advantage of their benefit for health products, cosmetics, and food production. In this research, fresh Zingiberacea rhizomes including Curcuma Longa, Curcuma Zedoaria, Curcuma Xanthorrhiza, Zingiber Officinale, and Zingiber Zerumbet rhizomes were extracted using the subcritical water extraction (SWE) unit located at AM Zaideen Ventures Sdn Bhd in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The focus of this research is to analyze the freeze-dried powder extracts from the fresh Zingiberaceae rhizome for the phytochemical screening and bioactive compounds. Operating parameter used in the extraction process was fixed at temperature of 110°C, pressure at 10 bar and extraction time of 15 minutes. The freeze-dried powder extracts were screened for its phytochemicals inclusive alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannin and saponin. For bioactive compounds analysis, extracts were evaluated for Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, DPPH scavenging activity assay, and bioactive compound using Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry analysis. The results show that there was a different presence of phytochemicals compounds in different Zingiberaceae extracts. At 10mg/ml concentration of powder extract, Zingiberaceae rhizomes showed variations in total phenol and flavonoid content, ranging from 134.65 to 285.19 mg GAE/g and from 22.58 to 181.62 mg QE/g, respectively. For DPPH radical scavenging activity, observed at 10mg/ml of freeze-dried extract, all Zingiberacea demonstrated significance antioxidant activity of more than 85% inhibition. Bioactive compounds detected in Zingiberaceae rhizomes shows significance quality. This finding supports the exploration of indigenous herbs market in Malaysia and the potential of water-based extracts on fresh Zingiberaceae rhizomes.